I am so sorry that your son is going through this.
No real answer for you, or at least not directly. It all depends on how much gut they had to remove. Not having a colon is not enough to create short-gut syndrom...most of us on this site lost theirs years ago and have no long term problems. People with pouches tend to have their pouches slowly adopt some of the functions of their colon and start to absorb fluids and certain nutrients through the pouch...But that takes some adaptation time. It took me years to start putting on weight but once I did it just wouldn't stop. I have had my K pouch (same pouch, just a different exit strategy) for 34yrs and have needed a few revisions that cost me guts...and I came back from it without any problems...that said, I do use suppliments religiously (chewable multi-vits, liquid Vit Bs, various other minerals etc) plus when I am very active I can add protien powders or other things.
I haven't been following your post enough but am curious about his age and how recent the surgery is? Guys (most of them) tend to burn calories faster, have higher metabolisms (sigh) and remain thinner longer. Then there is thyroid function, heridity etc which are serious considerations.
You need to give it time, sometimes a few years...keep his nutrition up, make sure that he isn't suffering from deficiencies and doesn't get dehydrated...the rest will come in time.
Sharon